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當(dāng)前位置首頁 » 常見問題 » 光纖的衰耗如何計(jì)算?

光纖的衰耗如何計(jì)算?

返回列表 來源:光橋 查看手機(jī)網(wǎng)址
掃一掃!光纖的衰耗如何計(jì)算?掃一掃!
瀏覽:- 發(fā)布日期:2021-03-24 11:24:49【

在光纖安裝中,對光纖鏈路進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的測量和計(jì)算是驗(yàn)證網(wǎng)絡(luò)完整性和確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能非常重要的步驟,光纖內(nèi)會(huì)因光吸收和散射等造成明顯的信號(hào)損失(即光纖損耗),從而影響光傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)(如光纖收發(fā)器光纖交換機(jī)等)的可靠性,那么光纖損耗如何計(jì)算的呢?

一、光纖損耗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

電信工業(yè)聯(lián)盟(TIA)和電子工業(yè)聯(lián)盟(EIA)攜手制定了EIA/TIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn),該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了光纜、連接器的性能和傳輸要求,如今在光纖行業(yè)中被廣泛接受和使用。EIA/TIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確了最大衰減是光纖損耗測量時(shí)最重要的參數(shù)之一。實(shí)際上,最大衰減是光纜的衰減系數(shù),以dB/km為單位。下圖顯示了在EIA/TIA-568規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中不同類型光纜的最大衰減。

微信圖片_20210324112707

二、如何計(jì)算光纖損耗

若想檢測光纖鏈路是否能正常運(yùn)行,那么就需要計(jì)算光纖損耗、功率預(yù)算以及功率裕度,計(jì)算方式如下。


1、光纖損耗的計(jì)算公式

在光纖布線中,經(jīng)常需要在一條確定長度的線路上計(jì)算最大損耗。光纖損耗計(jì)算公式:

總鏈路損耗(LL)=光纜衰減+連接器衰減+熔接衰減(如果還有其他組件(如衰減器),可將其衰減值疊加)


光纜衰減(dB)=最大光纖衰減系數(shù)(dB / km)×長度(km)

連接器衰減(dB)=連接器對數(shù)×連接器損耗(dB)

熔接衰減(dB)=熔接個(gè)數(shù)×熔接損耗(dB)


如上述公式所示,總鏈路損耗是一段光纖內(nèi)最壞變量的最大總和。需要注意的是,以該種方式計(jì)算出的總鏈路損耗只是一種假設(shè)值,因?yàn)樗俣私M件損耗的可能值,也就是說光纖實(shí)際的損耗取決于各種因素,損耗值可能會(huì)更高或更低。


2、下面以實(shí)際案例為例演示如何計(jì)算光纖損耗。

兩棟建筑之間安裝了單模光纖,傳輸距離為10km,波長為1310nm。同時(shí),該光纖擁有2個(gè)ST連接器和1個(gè)熔接頭。

光纜衰減——根據(jù)上述的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格,波長為1310nm的室外單模光纜的最大衰減值為0.5dB / km,因此光纜衰減值為0.5dB / km×10km=5dB。


連接器衰減——因?yàn)槭褂昧?個(gè)ST連接器,而每個(gè)ST連接器的最大損耗為0.75dB,因此連接器衰減為0.75dB×2=1.5dB。在實(shí)際計(jì)算中,連接器的插損可參考供應(yīng)商提供的規(guī)格值。


熔接衰減——在TIA/EIA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)范了,熔接的最大損耗為0.3dB,因此熔接衰減為0.3dBx1=0.3dB。

由此可得出,該光纖鏈路的總損耗為5dB+1.5dB+0.3dB=6.8dB。


三、功率預(yù)算的計(jì)算

上述提及的鏈路損耗值對整個(gè)鏈路的傳輸有何影響?這里就不得不得提到與之密切相關(guān)的另外一個(gè)參數(shù)——功率預(yù)算。該參數(shù)值主要用于對比計(jì)算出的鏈路損耗值,以確保正確安裝設(shè)備,只有當(dāng)鏈路損耗值在功率預(yù)算之內(nèi)時(shí),鏈路才能正常運(yùn)行。功率預(yù)算(PB)是接收器的靈敏度(PR)與發(fā)射器耦合進(jìn)光纖的功率(PT)的差值,也就是說PB=PT-PR。假設(shè)發(fā)射器的平均光功率為-15dBm,接收器的靈敏度為-28dBm,則功率預(yù)算為-15dB-(-28dB)= 13dB。


功率裕度的計(jì)算

計(jì)算完鏈路損耗和功率預(yù)算后,就需要計(jì)算功率裕度(PM),它是指從功率預(yù)算中除去鏈路損耗之后的可用功率,即PM=PB-LL。

同樣以10km的室內(nèi)單模光纜為例,由上述計(jì)算所得,它的功率預(yù)算為13dB,鏈路損耗為6.8dB,因此功率裕度為13dB-6.8dB=6.2dB。該計(jì)算所得值大于零,表示鏈路還有足夠的傳輸功率。

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